Main Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 |
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Remarks | Commonly encountered in lower intertidal and upper subtidal areas protected from strong wave action and current on sandy-muddy to rocky-coralline substrates (Ref. 80758); a dominant feature of clean sandy bottom in the subtidal zone away from freshwater influence, such as at Kaba Peninsula, Fiji (Ref. 82232). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Trono, G.C. Jr., 2001 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; rock; sea grass; Corals: hard corals; vegetation ( roots/holdfast, ); |
Special habitats Ref. | Norris, J.N. and K.E. Bucher, 1982 |
Ref. | Pickering, T. and S. Mario, 1999 |
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Associations | epiphytic; |
Associated with | Hypnesa pannosa |
Association remarks | The subtidal area of Kaba Peninsula, Fiji, down to 1.5 m depth was dominated by turtlegrass and extensive beds of the edible green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa (nama). The horizontal stolons of Caulerpa plants were a conspicuous feature of the seabed, and other seaweeds (mainly Hypnea pannosa) were often found attached or tangled with them (Ref. 82332). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |