Main Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
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Remarks | Feeds on sea stars and sea urchins, including crown-of-thorns starfish (Ref. 122680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; |
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Substrate Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.16 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |