Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 343). Found intertidal to subtidal, on substrates ranging from seagrass, mud, sand, to rocks. Occur to depths of 50 meters (Ref. 125642). Also found in tidepools on rocky shores (Ref. 118296). Common in estuaries, in firm or muddy fine sands (Ref. 118295). Generalist scavenger and predator (Ref. 118296). Benthopelagic predator, feeding mainly on benthic bivalves (Lamellibranchia), benthic crustaceans, fishes, and cephalopods (Ref. 117071). Host to the sacculinid barnacle Heterosaccus papillosus (Ref. 118296). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, ); mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Wong, K.J.H., L.S.R. Tao and K.M.Y Leung, 2021 |
Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Heterosaccus papillosus; serpulid polychaete tubes (Ref. 118296). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism | outside host |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Weimin, J., M. Tianxiang, C. Ruisheng and W. Sheng, 1998 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Weimin, J., M. Tianxiang, C. Ruisheng and W. Sheng, 1998 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.58 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |