Ecology Summary - Clangula hyemalis

Langue:

Écologie de Clangula hyemalis

Réf. Princ.	Sea Duck Joint Venture, 2003
Remarques	Primarily lives in coastal marine waters approximately 9 months in a year. During breeding season, it frequents shallow wetlands towards the edge of the boreal forest; while non-breeding birds use deeper ponds, lakes and nearshore marine areas. Winter along the Pacific coast from the Bering Sea to as far as California; and some from Alaska may reach the northern Bering Sea across to Russia Foraging behavior involves diving and swimming underwater up to a depth of less than 9 meters. This duck has been recorded to dive up to 60 meters (Ref. 83519). Common diving depth is 2-3 m (9-10 ft) (Ref. 115862).

Réf. Princ.

Sea Duck Joint Venture, 2003

Remarques

Primarily lives in coastal marine waters approximately 9 months in a year. During breeding season, it frequents shallow wetlands towards the edge of the boreal forest; while non-breeding birds use deeper ponds, lakes and nearshore marine areas. Winter along the Pacific coast from the Bering Sea to as far as California; and some from Alaska may reach the northern Bering Sea across to Russia Foraging behavior involves diving and swimming underwater up to a depth of less than 9 meters. This duck has been recorded to dive up to 60 meters (Ref. 83519). Common diving depth is 2-3 m (9-10 ft) (Ref. 115862).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuaires/lagons/zones saumâtres mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grottes exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Clangula hyemalis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Réf.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Prise alimentaire

Type de prise alimentaire	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Sea Duck Joint Venture, 2003
Habitude alimentaire	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Sea Duck Joint Venture, 2003

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Échantillon original		Population non pêchée		Remarque
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remarque
À partir du régime alimentaire
À partir des éléments alimentaires	3.41	0.42			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Réf.

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