Main Ref. | Nemenzo, F. Sr., 1986 |
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Remarks | Found in all reef environments, often a dominant species of back reef margins (Ref. 848). Also on subtidal rock, rocky reefs, outer reef channel, back and foreslope and lagoons; occasionally in inter-reef soft substrate (Ref. 98471). Tends to form low heads or encrust rocks in shallow waters (Ref. 130769). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Gilbert, A., T. Heintz, B.W. Hoeksema, F. Benzoni, J.M. Fernandez, C. Fauvelot and S. Andréfouët, 2015 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Forms massive colonies (Ref. 104515). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |