Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Not found in the deep, open ocean (Ref. 106263). It is found on rocky and soft bottoms near a home crevice or cave (Ref. 865) from the low intertidal (Refs. 865, 275), to a depth of 180 meters (Ref. 865). May occur to a depth of possibly 1000 m (Ref. 106261). Also occurs on mud, sand and gravel (Ref. 10624). Found from the coast to the edge of continental shelf. Primarily benthic (Ref. 106254). Generalist predator (Ref. 106264). Mainly consumes crustaceans and mollusks. Preyed upon by large fish and marine mammals (Ref. 106263). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG), 2014 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG), 2014 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.33 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |