Main Ref. | Mihara, E., H. Yamaguchi, Y. Ueda and T. Matsuishi, 2005 |
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Remarks | Adults live on the sand seafloor (Ref. 106884). Inhabits silty bottoms (Ref. 113219). Exhibits cannibalism (Ref. 101157). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; |
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Substrate Ref. | Azuma, N., Y. Kunihiro, J. Sasaki, E. Mihara, Y. Mihara, T. Yasunaga, D.H. Jin and S. Abe, 2008 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Chuchukalo, V.I., V.A. Nadtochy, V.N. Koblikov and O.Y. Borilko, 2011 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Chuchukalo, V.I., V.A. Nadtochy, V.N. Koblikov and O.Y. Borilko, 2011 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.39 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.47 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Chuchukalo, V.I., V.A. Nadtochy, V.N. Koblikov and O.Y. Borilko, 2011 |