主要參考文獻 | Harrison, P., 1987 |
---|---|
附註 | This species is gregarious, noisy and quarrelsome, and it is known to breed in huge colonies on steep cliffs (Ref. 91362). Pursuit diving (Ref. 356). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | |
攝取食物的習慣 | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 3.75 | 0.47 | Troph of adults. | ||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.97 | 0.75 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Cherel, Y., C.-A. Bost, C. Guinet and H. Weimerskirch, 2005 |