Main Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
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Remarks | Found in deep offshore areas (Ref. 936, 122680). Their main foraging grounds are those with high density of squid (Ref. 122680), its primary food. Sometimes feeds on fish (Refs. 936, 122680) and octopus (Ref. 122680). They are gregarious, rarely found solitary (Ref. 114960). Forms groups but hunts individually when feeding (Ref. 130961). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Tan, J.M.L., 1995 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.30 | ||||
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Pauly, D., A.W. Trites, E. Capuli and V. Christensen, 1998 |