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Ecology of Gnathia australis
 
Main Ref. Coetzee, M.L., 2006
Remarks

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Gnathia australis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Coetzee, M.L., 2006
Associations parasitism;
Associated with Rhynchobatus djiddensis; Rhinobatos typus; Himantura fai; Taeniura lymma; Urogymnus asperrimus; Pastinachus sephen.
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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