Main Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Remarks | Coastal (Ref. 356). Exclusively marine. Breeds at many tropical and subtropical oceanic islands (Ref. 91362). Solitary breeder; uniquely, lays a single egg on tree branch without any nest. Inquisitive; hovers around nest site in presence of human intruders (Ref. 91362). Exhibits dipping behavior (Ref. 356) or surface diving (Ref. 122680). Feeds mainly on fish (Refs. 81748, 122680) driven to the surface by large, predatory fish (Ref. 122680). Diet consists mostly of juvenile goatfish and flying fish (Ref. 122680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Harrison, P., 1987 |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Breeds singly. |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.38 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |