Ecology Summary - Halicryptus spinulosus

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Ecology of Halicryptus spinulosus

Main Ref.	Saldarriaga, J.F. and V. Storch, 1997
Remarks	Always restricted to coastal waters and is never found deeper than ca. 200 m (Ref. 422). Burrows in sediments down to 30 cm depth; burrows may have several openings. Has sedentary life strategy. Can withstand hypoxia and environment with hydrogen sulfide for prolonged periods (Ref. 115950). Mainly carnivorous and known to feed on polychaetes, oligochaetes, crustaceans, chironomids, other H. spinulosus, undetermined eggs, and detritus (assumed as a minor energy source) (Ref. 95778). Surface deposit feeder (Ref. 66387).

Main Ref.

Saldarriaga, J.F. and V. Storch, 1997

Remarks

Always restricted to coastal waters and is never found deeper than ca. 200 m (Ref. 422). Burrows in sediments down to 30 cm depth; burrows may have several openings. Has sedentary life strategy. Can withstand hypoxia and environment with hydrogen sulfide for prolonged periods (Ref. 115950). Mainly carnivorous and known to feed on polychaetes, oligochaetes, crustaceans, chironomids, other H. spinulosus, undetermined eggs, and detritus (assumed as a minor energy source) (Ref. 95778). Surface deposit feeder (Ref. 66387).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Halicryptus spinulosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: macrobenthos; Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.	Hänninen, J. and I. Vuorinen, 2001
Special habitats	Other habitats: burrows;
Special habitats Ref.	Aarnio, K., E. Bonsdorff and A. Norkko, 1998

Associations

Ref.	Saldarriaga, J.F. and V. Storch, 1997
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Ankar, S. and E. Sigvaldadottir, 1981
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Ankar, S. and E. Sigvaldadottir, 1981

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.98	0.30			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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