Main Ref. | Gallivan, G. and J. Danforth, 1999 |
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Remarks | Found in oyster beds in bays in low to subtidal zones. Carnivorous; preys on hydroids, small sea anemones, bryozoans, worms, small crustacea, tiny clams, and even dead animals. Does not digest stinging capsules (nematocysts) of their prey. Instead the nematocysts are moved to the tip of the cerata and incorporated into the creature's own defense system. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Gallivan, G. and J. Danforth, 1999 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gallivan, G. and J. Danforth, 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gallivan, G. and J. Danforth, 1999 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.60 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |