Main Ref. | Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993 |
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Remarks | Intertidal to subtidal, attached to the undersides of boulders. Also found in mussel aggregations, corals heads, and on pilings (Ref. 75840). Reported from Hong Kong to be found on the ceilings and walls of submarine caves (Ref. 126058). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Tan, K.S. and W.W. Kastoro, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: bivalve; Other habitats: pilings; |
Special habitats Ref. | Valentich-Scott, P., 2003 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |