Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Remarks | Occurs at depths of 0 to 200 m on rocky or gravel bottom, being most numerous in the kelp zone between 10 and 40 m (Ref. 4). Found clinging to overhangs in deep shade underneath huge rocks; also in caves (Ref. 106858). Confined to oceanic islands and seamounts (Ref. 105202). It is nocturnal and feeds on plants and dead animal matter (Ref. 4). Partially vegetarian (Ref. 105260). Reported to exhibit cannibalism among its deep-water populations (Ref. 105202). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; Other habitats: seamounts; |
Special habitats Ref. | Jeffs, A.G., C. Gardner and A. Cockcroft, 2013 |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Feeding habit | browsing on substrate |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jeffs, A.G., C. Gardner and A. Cockcroft, 2013 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.17 | 0.12 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |