Main Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
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Remarks | It is found in kelp beds on rocky and soft bottoms, from low intertidal to a depth of 69 meters (Ref. 865). Also inhabits sand areas adjacent to more solid substratum. Forms aggregated distribution patterns, most likely as a foraging and/or reproductive strategy. Carnivorous scavenger. Primarily feeds on live sessile polychaetes and solitary tunicates (Ref. 101624). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rosenthal, R. J., W. D. Clarke and P. K. Dayton, 1974 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Rosenthal, R. J., W. D. Clarke and P. K. Dayton, 1974 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.53 | 0.14 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |