Ecology of Larus californicus
 
Main Ref. SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks Coastal; <60 km (Ref. 356). Nest of simple construction. Despite risk of thermal stress on embryos and very young chicks, nests near shores of islands to be able to more easily detect predators, provides hiding places for small chicks, and ready escape routes for larger members. Stomach contents of Mono Lake population found with osmolalities of ca. 635 mosmo/kg, like their brine shrimp prey and just 25% as concentrated as the lake water, may be attributed to minimal intake of hypersaline waters; although unnecessary in maintenance of osmotic balance, observed to habitually visit freshwater sources along lake shore (Ref. 87784). Exhibits dipping and paddling (Ref. 356).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Larus californicus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.90 0.55 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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