Main Ref. | Lepage, D., 2007 |
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Remarks | Found on beach and shoreline (Ref. 116102). Large, cliff-nesting gulls that exhibit high site fidelity. In the Canadian Arctic, form small colonies on coastal cliffs, tens to hundreds of kilometers apart. Adults feed at sea, away from its colony; parents feed their chicks mainly fish ( Ref. 95169). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |