Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Found subtidal to intertidal on muddy substrates (Ref. 125642), soft bottoms and reefs, from depths of 10 to 150 meters (Ref. 106287). Omnivorous, feeds on sea stars (Asteroidea). Carries sponges and colonial tunicates on back for camouflage (Ref. 343). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Wong, K.J.H., L.S.R. Tao and K.M.Y Leung, 2021 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Khvorov, S. (ed.), 2012 |
Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Associations | mutualism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.10 | 0.60 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |