Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Remarks | Found on sand or mud substrates and sometimes with shells; some older records indicate that they are also found on rocky environments (Ref. 4). Preys on slow-moving or sessile benthic organisms, e.g., bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, crustaceans and foraminiferans (Ref. 81019). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Wassenberg, T.J. and B.J. Hill, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Wassenberg, T.J. and B.J. Hill, 1989 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.59 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |