Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs in tropical and subtropical climates (Ref. 275). Found In inshore waters over rocky ground at the start of the season and on sandy or muddy bottom later in the season (Ref. 106900). Feeds on small, juvenile fishes, other cephalopods, crustaceans, polychaetes (Ref. 275). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Smith, J.M., C.D. Macleod, V. Valavanis, L. Hastie, T. Valinassab, N. Bailey, M.B. Santos and G.J. Pierce, 2013 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.29 | 0.82 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |