Ecology of Macoma balthica
| Main Ref. | Holtmann, S.E., A. Groenewold, K.H.M. Schrader, J. Asjes, J.A. Craeymeersch, G.C.A. Duineveld, A.J. van Bostelen and J. van der Meer, 1996 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs from the upper part of the intertidal down to the shallow subtidal zone (Ref. 76547). Circumboreal and panarctic. Buries shallow to 20 cm under muddy-sandy substrate, commonly in bays and estuaries (Refs. 95344, 95753). In the northern Baltic Sea, known to thrive in eutrophic conditions (Ref. 95752). It is infaunal on sand and eelgrass beds and epifaunal on eelgrass beds (Ref. 95819). Deposit and suspension feeder (Refs. 76547, 96470). Surface deposit feeder (Ref. 66387). Feeds from the surface of the sediment using their long siphons (Ref. 7882), and is a subsurface detritivore (Refs. 95728, 96470). |
Aquatic zones / Water bodies
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Habitat
| Substrate | Benthic: endofauna (infauna); macrobenthos; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, ); mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Degraer, S., J. Wittoeck, W. Appeltans, K. Cooreman, T. Deprez, H. Hillewaert, K. Hostens, J. Mees, E. Vanden Berghe and M. Vincx, 2006 |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Boström, C. and E. Bonsdorff, 1997 |
Associations
| Ref. | Boström, C. and E. Bonsdorff, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Associations | commensalism; |
| Associated with | Zostera (Ref. 95819). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
feeding
| Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Norling, P. and N. Kautsky, 2008 |
| Feeding habit | browsing on substrate |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Norling, P. and N. Kautsky, 2008 |
Trophic Level(s)
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||