Ecology of Malleus regula
 
Main Ref. Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Remarks Attached by their strong byssus to hard substrates where mud occurs, with the shell vertically disposed and the dorsal margin lying on the rock surface, or to the underside of ledges and boulders. Often in dense colonies (maximum recorded density of 870 individuals/m^2), sometimes forming mixed natural beds with Isognomon isognomum. Littoral and sublittoral (Ref. 348).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Malleus regula may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic: sessile; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref. Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref. Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004
Feeding habit filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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