Main Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Remarks | Epibiotic (Ref. 97531). Occurs in littoral and sublittoral areas to depths of 20 m. Inhabits rocky bottoms (Ref. 435). Also on rubble, on molluscan and other shells (Ref. 97531). Opportunistic omnivore with diversified diet and high nocturnal activity. Forages primarily on polychaetes, algae, crabs and mollusks (Ref. 104088). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Other habitats: pilings; |
Special habitats Ref. | de Melo, G.A.S., 2008 |
Ref. | Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.), 1981 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Madambashi, A.M., R.A. Christofoletti and M.A.A. Pinheiro, 2005 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Madambashi, A.M., R.A. Christofoletti and M.A.A. Pinheiro, 2005 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.76 | 0.24 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 3.33 | 0.26 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Madambashi, A.M., R.A. Christofoletti and M.A.A. Pinheiro, 2005 |