Main Ref. | Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams, 1998 |
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Remarks | Suspension feeder (Refs. 3477, 118257). Also found on fine and medium grain sized sand mixed with gravel and shell debris (Ref. 118257). Aggregates into mussel "mats" by binding gravel and rocks (Ref. 95344). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand ( fine, ); mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1998 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Harbo, R.M., 1997 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | In aggregations or mussel "mats" (Ref. 95344). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Holt, T.J., E.I. Rees, S.J. Hawkins and R. Seed, 1998 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Harvey-Clark, C., 1997 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |