Ecology Summary - Monachus schauinslandi

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Ecology of Monachus schauinslandi

Main Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Remarks	They have been seen up to 140 km from the nearest land; they haul out and breed on beaches of sand and coral rubble, and on rocky terraces (Ref. 1394). They are usually solitary, except on preferred beaches when they occur in close proximity and interact. Feeding occurs within atoll lagoon systems, on reef slope within 200 kilometers (124 miles) of islands or atoll systems. They also forage on seamounts and submarine ridges connecting the atoll systems. Benthic feeders (Ref. 122680). Feeds on reef fishes, eels, cephalopods, and lobsters (Ref. 1394).

Main Ref.

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993

Remarks

They have been seen up to 140 km from the nearest land; they haul out and breed on beaches of sand and coral rubble, and on rocky terraces (Ref. 1394). They are usually solitary, except on preferred beaches when they occur in close proximity and interact. Feeding occurs within atoll lagoon systems, on reef slope within 200 kilometers (124 miles) of islands or atoll systems. They also forage on seamounts and submarine ridges connecting the atoll systems. Benthic feeders (Ref. 122680). Feeds on reef fishes, eels, cephalopods, and lobsters (Ref. 1394).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Monachus schauinslandi may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rubble;
Substrate Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.52	0.31			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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