Main Ref. | Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams, 1998 |
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Remarks | Inhabits intertidal areas (Ref. 2789). Found in quiet, sheltered areas forming dense aggregates on hard surfaces; attached by strong byssal threads (Ref. 95344). In the Vainameri, north-eastern Baltic Sea, most abundant in silty substrate (Ref. 95753). It is infaunal on sand and eelgrass beds and epifaunal on eelgrass beds (Ref. 95819). Also found on mixed sediments with gravel (Ref. 118257). Semi-mobile suspension feeder (Refs. 95752, 96470). Feeds on phytoplankton such as green algae, dinoflagellates and diatoms (Ref. 95805). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; endofauna (infauna); macrobenthos; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Harvey-Clark, C., 1997 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; sea grass; Other habitats: pilings; |
Special habitats Ref. | Harvey-Clark, C., 1997 |
Ref. | Harbo, R.M., 1997 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; commensalism; |
Associated with | Zostera (Ref. 95819). |
Association remarks | Forms dense masses on hard surfaces (Ref. 95344). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Wang, W. and N.S. Fisher, 1996 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Harvey-Clark, C., 1997 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items. | ||
Ref. |