Main Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Remarks | Highly pelagic. Forages alone or with conspecifics, feeding while sitting on the water or by dipping prey while flapping just above the ocean surface, often pattering water with feet. Diet mainly consists of small fish, squid, and some crustaceans(Ref. 122680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Karpouzi, V.S., 2005 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.14 | 0.55 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |