主要参考文献 | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010 |
---|---|
附注 | Vertical distribution is mesopelagic to bathypelagic (to 2 000 m) during daytime with nocturnal ascent into epipelagic zone. In the eastern North Atlantic, juveniles are caught from May to September as planktonic vertical migrators. Predators include albatrosses and numerous oceanic fish species, such as tunas, swordfish, dolphin fish, lancetfish, dolphins, toothed whales, including sperm whales and Cuvier’s beaked whales, and Sthenoteuthis squid. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Pelagic; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Judkins, H.L.M., M. Vecchione and C.F.E. Roper, 2009 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参考文献 | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | |||||
从个别的食物项目 | |||||
参考文献 |