Main Ref. | Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn Jr., A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione and J.D. Willams, 1998 |
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Remarks | It is found on rock and soft bottoms, from the low intertidal to a depth of 210 meters (Ref. 865). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Laidig, T.E., P.B. Adams, C.H. Baxter and J.L. Butler, 1995 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Laidig, T.E., P.B. Adams, C.H. Baxter and J.L. Butler, 1995 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.86 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |