Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Remarks | Occurs from depths down to 143 m, but usually in shallow water, in well protected places on a rocky substrate, under rocks and rock crevices (Ref. 4). Also found under ledges (Ref. 122680). Nocturnal (Ref. 4). Feeds across sandy bottom areas that are next to reefs. Healthy coral reefs are important habitat. Carnivorous and feeds at night on mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish (Ref. 122680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: endofauna (infauna); Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.26 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |