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Ecology of Parapholas californica
 
Main Ref. Gotshall, D.W., 2005
Remarks It is found in shale and clay reefs in exposed bays and outer coast in the lower intertidal areas to a depth of 18 meters (Ref. 865).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Parapholas californica may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic;
Substrate Ref. Gotshall, D.W., 2005
Special habitats Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref. Gotshall, D.W., 2005

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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