Main Ref. | Collins, M.A., A.L. Allcock and M. Belchier, 2004 |
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Remarks | Inhabits both shallow and deep waters (Ref. 1975). Known from a depth of 0 to 4000 meters (Ref. 96968). Recorded once from deep waters on muddy bottoms (Ref. 106242). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Haimovici, M. and J.A. Perez, 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Daly, H.I., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Daly, H.I., 1996 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.47 | 0.28 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |