Main Ref. | Williams, A.B., L.G. Abele, D.L. Felder, H.H. Hobbs Jr., R.B. Manning, P.A. McLaughlin and I. Pérez Farfante, 1988 |
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Remarks | Benthopelagic. Juveniles carry out actual vertical migrations while adults undertake epibenthic movements along the bottom (Ref. 105772). Found in the continental shelf (Refs. 79119, 78232), upper and middle slope (Refs. 78232, 105341). Predatory activity occurs higher in the water column at night. Bases its diet on mesopelagic fishes and juvenile cephalopods, decapods, and euphausiids. However nocturnal diet is observed and includes gammarid amphipods, isopods, and macruran decapods (Ref. 105773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Other habitats: seamounts; |
Special habitats Ref. | Sabatini, A., M.C. Follesa, I. Locci, G. Matta, F. Palmas, A.A. Pendugiu and A. Cau, 2011 |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cartes, J.E., 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Cartes, J.E., 1993 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.69 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |