Main Ref. | Nemenzo, F. Sr., 1986 |
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Remarks | Found along the neritic zone, in reef areas (Ref. 97241), particularly in upper reef slopes, especially those of fringing reefs, in turbid water away from wave action and lagoons (Ref 98471). A predatory carnivore (Ref. 97241). Has a high bleaching level and moderate to high estimated mortality in Palau (Ref. 66144). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; |
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Substrate Ref. | Miller, J., 1972 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Monteforte, M., 1987 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Monteforte, M., 1987 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Monteforte, M., 1987 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |