Thông tin chủ yếu | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Các chú thích | Coastal; <50 km (Ref. 356). Migration route from northern and central Canada and the US unto the southern states of Baja and into the Gulf of Mexico. Grows a bill horn in preparation for courtship which is shed after incubation commences. Pre-pairing procedure involving complex communal interactions, chases, and terrestrial, aquatic and aerial processions. Extra-pair copulation rare. Embryos are exceptionally known to elicit parental incubation behavior by vocalizing. Mortality rate of immature birds is 41% in the first year. The pesticide DDT in the 1960s caused egg-shell thinning such that they broke during incubation (Ref. 87784). Displays surface seizing (Ref. 356). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Tài liệu tham khảo | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Dạng thức ăn | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Nơi ăn mồi | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | |||||
Từ các loại thức ăn | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Tài liệu tham khảo |