Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
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Remarks | Intertidal (Ref. 374) to subtidal (Ref. 106854). Juveniles are found on seagrass beds and mangroves higher in the shoreline (Ref. 106908). Inhabits open sea areas with sandy or muddy and sandy bottom (Ref. 374). Nocturnal (Refs. 10, 85270). Burrows on sand at daytime (Ref. 801). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; endofauna (infauna); Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | del Mundo, C.M., 2000 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Other habitats: burrows; vegetation |
Special habitats Ref. | Tanner, J.E. and S. Deakin, 2001 |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1980 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kangas, M.I., S. Morrison, P. Unsworth, E. Lai, I. Wright and A. Thomson, 2006 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |