Ecology Summary - Phocoena phocoena

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Ecology of Phocoena phocoena

Main Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Remarks	Found in shallow water, most often nearshore, although they occasionally travel over deeper offshore waters (Ref. 1394). Uses echo-location for orientation and foraging by emitting high frequency click sounds (Ref. 96345). Feeds on a wide variety of fish and cephalopods; small, non-spiny schooling fish (such as herring and mackerel) (Ref. 1394).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Phocoena phocoena may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.50	0.79			Troph of adults.
From individual food items	4.50	0.96			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Börjesson, P., P. Berggren and B. Ganning, 2003

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