Main Ref. | Norling, P. and N. Kautsky, 2008 |
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Remarks | In the Baltic Sea, generally inhabits the marine region (Ref. 95752). Both infaunal and epifaunal on Zostera sp. eelgrass (Ref. 95819). Adults, when not attached to a host, is free living, possibly on and beneath stones and macrophytes (Ref. 95835). Semi-mobile; parasitic (Refs. 95728, 95752). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; endofauna (infauna); Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Bonsdorff, E. and T.H. Pearson, 1999 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Boström, C. and E. Bonsdorff, 1997 |
Ref. | Rost-Roszkowska, M.M., P. Swiatek, M. Kszuk, K. Glówczyk and A. Bielecki, 2012 |
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Associations | parasitism; commensalism; |
Associated with | Parasitic on: Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus alpinus, Abramis brama, Gobio gobio, Anguilla anguilla, Perca fluviatilis, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinus carpio (Ref. 95835) and Oreochromis niloticus (Ref. 95838). Commensal with: Zostera (Ref. 95752). |
Association remarks | P. geometra uses its proboscis to penetrate a host's tissues and suck its blood (Ref. 95835). They are not obligatory parasites but may stay on their host for long periods of time (Ref. 95838). |
Parasitism | outside host (body, gills and mouth.) |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rost-Roszkowska, M.M., P. Swiatek, M. Kszuk, K. Glówczyk and A. Bielecki, 2012 |
Feeding habit | feeding on a host (parasite) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Rost-Roszkowska, M.M., P. Swiatek, M. Kszuk, K. Glówczyk and A. Bielecki, 2012 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |