Main Ref. | Robinson, L.A., S.P.R. Greenstreet, H. Reiss, R. Callaway, J. Ccraeymeersch, I. de Boois, S. Degraer, S. Ehrich, H.M. Fraser, A. Goffin, I. Kröncke, L. Lindal Jorgenson, M.R. Robertson and J. Lancaster, 2010 |
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Remarks | Epibenthic, hard bottom, filter-feeder (Ref. 113564). Browses on substrate (Ref. 96292). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | Smith, J. and S.E. Shackley, 2004 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gaudêncio, M.J. and H.N. Cabral, 2007 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |