Ecology Summary - Plesionika heterocarpus

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Ecology of Plesionika heterocarpus

Main Ref.	Bozzano, A., F. Sarda and J. Rios, 2005
Remarks	Nektobenthic (Ref. 78235). Prefers shallow waters (Ref. 66184) but also dominant in upper-slope assemblage (Ref. 78235). Found in mud assemblage. Non-migrator macrozooplankton feeder (Ref. 52384). Most important prey include euphausiids, mysids, bivalves and fish (Ref. 102666).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Plesionika heterocarpus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: mud;
Substrate Ref.	Bozzano, A., F. Sarda and J. Rios, 2005
Special habitats	Other habitats: seamounts;
Special habitats Ref.	Mastrototaro, F., G. Chimienti, J. Acosta, J. Blanco, S. Garcia, J. Rivera and R. Aguilar, 2017

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Fanelli, E. and J.E. Cartes, 2004
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Fanelli, E. and J.E. Cartes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.37	0.48			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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