Ecology Summary - Podiceps cristatus

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生態學： Podiceps cristatus

主要參考文獻	van der Have, T.M., G.O. Keijl, J. Mansoori and V.V. Morozov, 2002
附註	Non-breeding species move to sheltered coastal inshore waters less than 10 m in depth such as brackish estuaries, deltas, tidal channels and tidal lagoons (Ref. 107889).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/瀉湖/半鹹淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞 exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Podiceps cristatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

參考文獻
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

進食

攝取食物的類型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Birdlife International, 2016
攝取食物的習慣	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Birdlife International, 2016

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的樣本		不捕獲族群		附註
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附註
從食物內容
從個別的食物項目	3.82	0.51			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
參考文獻

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