Main Ref. | Pérez-Losada, M., J.T. Hoeg and K.A. Crandall, 2004 |
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Remarks | Exposed to heavy swell on rocky intertidal areas. Typically associated with cliffs and deep channels (Ref. 106932). Natural diet requires more studies. Its related species P. polymerus feed on diatoms, detritus, pelagic crustaceans, phytoplankton, microalgae, copepods and polychaetes; to be replaced with a better reference (Ref. 113151). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Quinteiro, J., J. Rodríguez-Castro and M. Rey-Méndez, 2007 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Pérez-Losada, M., J.T. Hoeg and K.A. Crandall, 2004 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |