Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Occurs from the intertidal zone (especially juveniles) to depths of 30 m (Ref. 343). Subtidal (Ref. 106854). Inhabits sandy to sandy-muddy substrates (Refs. 343, 106287, 125338), in bays and estuaries (Ref. 106287). Also in brackish water (Ref. 801). Subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 343). Mainly a predator of sessile and slow-moving benthic macroinvertebrates (Ref. 102720); may be a scavenger (Ref. 100855). Omnivore (Ref. 116259). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. | CRUSTA, 2012 |
Ref. | CRUSTA, 2012 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Associated with algae. |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sukumaran, K.K. and B. Neelakantan, 1997 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.58 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |