Ecology Summary - Pteria penguin

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Ecology of Pteria penguin

Main Ref.	Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993
Remarks	Found in intertidal areas on rocks (Ref. 75831). Sometimes attached to sea whips (Ref. 799). Also found subtidal, on dead coral heads (Ref. 75840).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pteria penguin may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986
Special habitats	Beds: rock;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref.	Franco, S.C., 2014
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Franco, S.C., 2014

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.00	0.00			Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items.
Ref.

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