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Ecology of Pterygioteuthis giardi
 
Main Ref. Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010
Remarks A cosmopolitan in tropical to subtropical oceanic waters. Mesopelagic to about 500 m and ascends to the surface and epipelagic zone at night. Undertakes diel vertical migrations: off Bermuda, at 250 to 500 m by day and 50 to 250 m at night. Off Hawaii it is a facultative inhabitant of the mesopelagic boundary zone. Preyed upon by large dolphins (e.g. Tursiops truncatus) and pelagic fishes (Ref. 97142).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Pterygioteuthis giardi may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic: mobile; Pelagic;
Substrate Ref. Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Passarella, K.C. and T.L. Hopkins, 1991
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.36 0.29 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
Ref. [ e.g. 3742]
Glossary [ e.g. cnidaria]
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