Ecology Summary - Pyroteuthis margaritifera

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Ecology of Pyroteuthis margaritifera

Main Ref.	Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010
Remarks	Cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical to temperate waters. In the South Pacific Ocean the species is common in the mixed waters of the subtropical frontal zone and the sub-Antarctic waters. Adults occupy the upper mesopelagic zone during the day and then undergo diel vertical migration into epipelagic waters at night: off Bermuda, closing-net studies showed it occurs principally at 375 to 500 m during the day and ascends to 75 to 175 m at night; in open net studies off the Canary Islands, found them at 400 to 800 m during the day and 50 to 100 m to 200 m at night. The species occurs in the eastern Mediterranean Sea/northern Aegean Sea in the mesobathyal basins (Ref. 97142).

Main Ref.

Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper, 2010

Remarks

Cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical to temperate waters. In the South Pacific Ocean the species is common in the mixed waters of the subtropical frontal zone and the sub-Antarctic waters. Adults occupy the upper mesopelagic zone during the day and then undergo diel vertical migration into epipelagic waters at night: off Bermuda, closing-net studies showed it occurs principally at 375 to 500 m during the day and ascends to 75 to 175 m at night; in open net studies off the Canary Islands, found them at 400 to 800 m during the day and 50 to 100 m to 200 m at night. The species occurs in the eastern Mediterranean Sea/northern Aegean Sea in the mesobathyal basins (Ref. 97142).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pyroteuthis margaritifera may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Pelagic;
Substrate Ref.	Judkins, H.L.M., M. Vecchione and C.F.E. Roper, 2009
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hoving, H.J.T., J.A.A. Perez, K.S.R. Bolstad, H.E. Braid, A.B. Evans, D. Fuchs, H. Judkins, J.T. Kelly, J.E.A.R. Marian, R. Nakajima, U. Piatkowski, A. Reid, M. Vecchione, J.C.C. Xavier, 2014
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Hoving, H.J.T., J.A.A. Perez, K.S.R. Bolstad, H.E. Braid, A.B. Evans, D. Fuchs, H. Judkins, J.T. Kelly, J.E.A.R. Marian, R. Nakajima, U. Piatkowski, A. Reid, M. Vecchione, J.C.C. Xavier, 2014

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.10	0.26			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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