Ecology Summary - Rapana venosa

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Ecology of Rapana venosa

Main Ref.	Tan, K.S., 2000
Remarks	Rapa whelks are generally encountered in areas to depths of 30 m in the Black Sea; on sandy bottoms at 15 m covered by Zostera sp. and Cymodocea nodosa meadows (Ref. 7956). Also occurs in rocky and muddy habitat (Ref. 87909). Feeds on bivalves (Ref. 87979).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Rapana venosa may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: mud; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Culha, M., 2004
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass;
Special habitats Ref.	Butakov, E.A., V.D. Chuhchin, M.B. Cherkasova and S.G. Lelekov, 1997

Associations

Ref.	Harding, J.M., R. Mann, P. Moeller and M.S. Hsia, 2009
Associations	parasitism;
Associated with	Alexandrium molinatum, a dinoflagellate, affects the muscle that results in paralysis and then death (Ref. 87963).
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Savini, D. and A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2005
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Savini, D. and A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.10	0.30			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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