Main Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
---|---|
Remarks | North-boreal species in the Atlantic and Pacific (Ref. 2376). Meroplanktonic (Ref. 120471). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Pelagic; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Ronowicz, M., A.L.P. Cantero, B.M. Casares, P. Kukliński and J.J.S. Àngel, 2019 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003 |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | Young copepods, cladocerans, rotifers and tunicate larvae. | ||||
From individual food items | 3.21 | 0.27 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Wrobel, D. and C.E. Mills, 1998 |