Main Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
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Remarks | Attached to rocks in the intertidal where it may form a distinct zone in the upper eulittoral (Ref. 801). Found in shallow subtidal levels and occurs in dense colonies (Ref. 101156). Also on the breathing roots and trunks of mangrove trees and on pier piles (Ref. 102838). Coexists with an assemblage of grazing gastropods (Ref. 101156). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: sessile; macrobenthos; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; Other habitats: vegetation ( stems/trunk, roots/holdfast, ); pilings; |
Special habitats Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Dye, A.H., M.H. Schleyer, G. Lambert and T.A. Lasiak, 1994 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.23 | 0.16 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |